1
Chapter 1
1-2-2 PIPES
A USB pipe is a logical association between an endpoint and a software structure in the USB
host software system. USB pipes are used to send data from the host software to the
device’s endpoints. A USB pipe is associated to a unique endpoint address, type of transfer,
maximum packet size, and interval for transfers.
The USB specification defines two types of pipes based on the communication mode:
Stream Pipes: Data carried over the pipe is unstructured.
Message Pipes: Data carried over the pipe has a defined structure.
The USB specification requires a default control pipe for each device. A default control pipe
uses endpoint zero. The default control pipe is a bi-directional message pipe.
1-2-3 TRANSFER TYPES
The USB specification defines four transfer types that match the bandwidth and services
requirements of the host and the device application using a specific pipe. Each USB transfer
encompasses one or more transactions that sends data to and from the endpoint. The
notion of transactions is related to the maximum payload size defined by each endpoint
type in that when a transfer is greater than this maximum, it will be split into one or more
transactions to fulfill the action.
CONTROL TRANSFERS
Control transfers are used to configure and retrieve information about the device
capabilities. They are used by the host to send standard requests during and after
enumeration. Standard requests allow the host to learn about the device capabilities; for
example, how many and which functions the device contains. Control transfers are also
used for class-specific and vendor-specific requests.
A control transfer contains three stages: Setup, Data, and Status. These stages are detailed in
Table 1-1.
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